local bit = require "bit"
local ffi = require "ffi"
local C = ffi.C

cdef_include "midi.h"

MIDIStream = DeriveClass(Stream)

function MIDIStream:gtick()
	return function()
		-- This is always cached since there is only one MIDI event queue
		-- and it must not be pulled more than once per tick.
		local sample = sampleCache[MIDIStream]
		if not sample then
			sample = C.applause_pull_midi_sample()
			sampleCache[MIDIStream] = sample
		end
		return sample
	end
end

-- Last value of a specific control channel
function Stream:CC(control, channel)
	channel = channel or 0

	assert(0 <= control and control <= 127,
	       "MIDI control number out of range (0 <= x <= 127)")
	assert(0 <= channel and channel <= 15,
	       "MIDI channel out of range (0 <= x <= 15)")

	local filter = bit.bor(0xB0, channel, bit.lshift(control, 8))
	local value = 0
	local band, rshift = bit.band, bit.rshift

	return self:map(function(sample)
		value = band(sample, 0xFFFF) == filter and
		        tonumber(rshift(sample, 16)) or value
		return value
	end)
end

-- same as Stream:scale() but for values between [0, 127]
-- (ie. MIDI CC values)
-- FIXME: If Stream:CC() would output between [-1, 1], there would be no need
-- for Stream:ccscale().
function Stream:ccscale(v1, v2)
	local lower = v2 and v1 or 0
	local upper = v2 or v1

	if type(lower) == "number" and type(upper) == "number" then
		return self:map(function(x)
			return (x/127)*(upper - lower) + lower
		end)
	else
		return self*((upper - lower)/127) + lower
	end
end

-- Velocity of NOTE ON for a specific note on a channel
function Stream:mvelocity(note, channel)
	-- `note` may be a note name like "A4"
	note = type(note) == "string" and ntom(note) or note
	channel = channel or 0

	assert(0 <= note and note <= 127,
	       "MIDI note out of range (0 <= x <= 127)")
	assert(0 <= channel and channel <= 15,
	       "MIDI channel out of range (0 <= x <= 15)")

	local on_filter  = bit.bor(0x90, channel, bit.lshift(note, 8))
	local off_filter = bit.bor(0x80, channel, bit.lshift(note, 8))
	local value = 0
	local band, rshift = bit.band, bit.rshift

	return self:map(function(sample)
		value = band(sample, 0xFFFF) == on_filter and
		        rshift(sample, 16) or
		        band(sample, 0xFFFF) == off_filter and
		        0 or value
		return value
	end)
end

--
-- MIDI primitives
--

do
	local band = bit.band
	local floor, log = math.floor, math.log

	local note_names = {
		"C", "C#", "D", "D#", "E", "F",
		"F#", "G", "G#", "A", "A#", "B"
	}

	-- MIDI note number to name
	-- NOTE: mton() can handle the words as generated by MIDINoteStream
	function mton(note)
		note = band(note, 0xFF)
		local octave = floor(note / 12)-1
		return note_names[(note % 12)+1]..octave
	end

	function Stream:mton() return self:map(mton) end

	local ntom_offsets = {}
	for i, name in ipairs(note_names) do
		ntom_offsets[name] = i-1
		-- Saving the offsets for the lower-cased note names
		-- avoids a string.upper() call in ntom()
		ntom_offsets[name:lower()] = i-1
	end

	-- Note name to MIDI note number
	function ntom(name)
		local octave = name:byte(-1) - 48 + 1
		return octave*12 + ntom_offsets[name:sub(1, -2)]
	end

	function Stream:ntom() return self:map(ntom) end

	-- There are only 128 possible MIDI notes,
	-- so their frequencies can and should be cached.
	-- We do this once instead of on-demand, so the lookup
	-- table consists of consecutive numbers.
	local mtof_cache = table.new(128, 0)
	for note = 0, 127 do
		-- MIDI NOTE 69 corresponds to 440 Hz
		mtof_cache[note] = 440*math.pow(2, (note - 69)/12)
	end

	-- Convert from MIDI note to frequency
	-- NOTE: mtof() can handle the words as generated by MIDINoteStream
	function mtof(note)
		return mtof_cache[band(note, 0xFF)]
	end

	function Stream:mtof() return self:map(mtof) end

	-- Convert from frequency to closest MIDI note
	function ftom(freq)
		-- NOTE: math.log/2 is a LuaJIT extension
		return floor(12*log(freq/440, 2) + 0.5)+69
	end

	function Stream:ftom() return self:map(ftom) end
end

-- Convert from MIDI name to frequency
function ntof(name) return mtof(ntom(name)) end
function Stream:ntof() return self:map(ntof) end

-- Convert from frequency to closest MIDI note name
function fton(freq) return mton(ftom(freq)) end
function Stream:fton() return self:map(fton) end

-- Tick an instrument only when an inputstream (note_stream),
-- gets ~= 0. When it changes back to 0 again, an "off"-stream
-- is triggered. This allows the construction of instruments with
-- Attack-Sustain and Decay phases based on real-time control signals.
-- The note values can be passed into the constructor by using functions
-- for the "on" and "off" streams.
-- Usually, the note stream will be a MIDIStream:mvelocity(), so the two
-- instrument streams can be based on the MIDI velocity (but don't have
-- to be if the velocity is not important).
InstrumentStream = DeriveClass(MuxableStream)

InstrumentStream.sig_last_stream = 1

function InstrumentStream:muxableCtor(note_stream, on_stream, off_stream)
	note_stream = tostream(note_stream)
	local note_stream_cached

	if type(on_stream) == "function" then
		note_stream_cached = note_stream:cache()
		self.on_stream = on_stream(note_stream_cached)
	else
		self.on_stream = tostream(on_stream)
	end
	if type(off_stream) == "function" then
		note_stream_cached = note_stream_cached or note_stream:cache()
		self.off_stream = off_stream(note_stream_cached)
	else
		-- The "off" stream is optional
		self.off_stream = off_stream and tostream(off_stream)
	end

	-- `note_stream` is cached only when required
	self.note_stream = note_stream_cached or note_stream
end

function InstrumentStream:gtick()
	local note_tick = self.note_stream:gtick()
	local on_stream = self.on_stream
	local on_stream_inf = on_stream:len() == math.huge
	local off_stream = self.off_stream
	local on_tick
	local function off_tick() return 0 end

	return function()
		local note = note_tick()
		if not note then return end

		if on_tick == nil then -- no note
			if note == 0 then return off_tick() or 0 end

			-- FIXME: This is not strictly real-time safe
			on_tick = on_stream:gtick()
			return on_tick() or 0
		else -- note on
			if note ~= 0 then
				local sample = on_tick()
				if sample then return sample end

				-- on_stream must be finite, retrigger
				on_tick = on_stream:gtick()
				return on_tick() or 0
			elseif not on_stream_inf then
				-- don't cut off finite on_streams
				local sample = on_tick()
				if sample then return sample end
			end

			-- FIXME: This is not strictly real-time safe
			on_tick = nil
			if off_stream then off_tick = off_stream:gtick() end
			return off_tick() or 0
		end
	end
end

function InstrumentStream:len()
	return self.note_stream:len()
end

function Stream:instrument(on_stream, off_stream)
	return InstrumentStream:new(self, on_stream, off_stream)
end