/*
** $Id: ldo.c,v 2.157 2016/12/13 15:52:21 roberto Exp $
** Stack and Call structure of Lua
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/

#define ldo_c
#define LUA_CORE

#include "lprefix.h"


#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "lua.h"

#include "lapi.h"
#include "ldebug.h"
#include "ldo.h"
#include "lfunc.h"
#include "lgc.h"
#include "lmem.h"
#include "lobject.h"
#include "lopcodes.h"
#include "lparser.h"
#include "lstate.h"
#include "lstring.h"
#include "ltable.h"
#include "ltm.h"
#include "lundump.h"
#include "lvm.h"
#include "lzio.h"



#define errorstatus(s)	((s) > LUA_YIELD)


/*
** {======================================================
** Error-recovery functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
*/
#if !defined(LUAI_THROW)				/* { */

#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(LUA_USE_LONGJMP)	/* { */

/* C++ exceptions */
#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		throw(c)
#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
	try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
#define luai_jmpbuf		int  /* dummy variable */

#elif defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)				/* }{ */

/* in POSIX, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		_longjmp((c)->b, 1)
#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf

#else							/* }{ */

/* ISO C handling with long jumps */
#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		longjmp((c)->b, 1)
#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf

#endif							/* } */

#endif							/* } */



/* chain list of long jump buffers */
struct lua_longjmp {
  struct lua_longjmp *previous;
  luai_jmpbuf b;
  volatile int status;  /* error code */
};


static void seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
  switch (errcode) {
    case LUA_ERRMEM: {  /* memory error? */
      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
      break;
    }
    case LUA_ERRERR: {
      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
      break;
    }
    default: {
      setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1);  /* error message on current top */
      break;
    }
  }
  L->top = oldtop + 1;
}


l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
  if (L->errorJmp) {  /* thread has an error handler? */
    L->errorJmp->status = errcode;  /* set status */
    LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);  /* jump to it */
  }
  else {  /* thread has no error handler */
    global_State *g = G(L);
    L->status = cast_byte(errcode);  /* mark it as dead */
    if (g->mainthread->errorJmp) {  /* main thread has a handler? */
      setobjs2s(L, g->mainthread->top++, L->top - 1);  /* copy error obj. */
      luaD_throw(g->mainthread, errcode);  /* re-throw in main thread */
    }
    else {  /* no handler at all; abort */
      if (g->panic) {  /* panic function? */
        seterrorobj(L, errcode, L->top);  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
        if (L->ci->top < L->top)
          L->ci->top = L->top;  /* pushing msg. can break this invariant */
        lua_unlock(L);
        g->panic(L);  /* call panic function (last chance to jump out) */
      }
      abort();
    }
  }
}


int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
  unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
  struct lua_longjmp lj;
  lj.status = LUA_OK;
  lj.previous = L->errorJmp;  /* chain new error handler */
  L->errorJmp = &lj;
  LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
    (*f)(L, ud);
  );
  L->errorJmp = lj.previous;  /* restore old error handler */
  L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
  return lj.status;
}

/* }====================================================== */


/*
** {==================================================================
** Stack reallocation
** ===================================================================
*/
static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) {
  CallInfo *ci;
  UpVal *up;
  L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
  for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
    up->v = (up->v - oldstack) + L->stack;
  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
    ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
    ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack;
    if (isLua(ci))
      ci->u.l.base = (ci->u.l.base - oldstack) + L->stack;
  }
}


/* some space for error handling */
#define ERRORSTACKSIZE	(LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)


void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
  TValue *oldstack = L->stack;
  int lim = L->stacksize;
  lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
  lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK);
  luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, newsize, TValue);
  for (; lim < newsize; lim++)
    setnilvalue(L->stack + lim); /* erase new segment */
  L->stacksize = newsize;
  L->stack_last = L->stack + newsize - EXTRA_STACK;
  correctstack(L, oldstack);
}


void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
  int size = L->stacksize;
  if (size > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* error after extra size? */
    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
  else {
    int needed = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + n + EXTRA_STACK;
    int newsize = 2 * size;
    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
    if (newsize < needed) newsize = needed;
    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) {  /* stack overflow? */
      luaD_reallocstack(L, ERRORSTACKSIZE);
      luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
    }
    else
      luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize);
  }
}


static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
  CallInfo *ci;
  StkId lim = L->top;
  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
    if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
  }
  lua_assert(lim <= L->stack_last);
  return cast_int(lim - L->stack) + 1;  /* part of stack in use */
}


void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
  int inuse = stackinuse(L);
  int goodsize = inuse + (inuse / 8) + 2*EXTRA_STACK;
  if (goodsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)
    goodsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;  /* respect stack limit */
  if (L->stacksize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* had been handling stack overflow? */
    luaE_freeCI(L);  /* free all CIs (list grew because of an error) */
  else
    luaE_shrinkCI(L);  /* shrink list */
  /* if thread is currently not handling a stack overflow and its
     good size is smaller than current size, shrink its stack */
  if (inuse <= (LUAI_MAXSTACK - EXTRA_STACK) &&
      goodsize < L->stacksize)
    luaD_reallocstack(L, goodsize);
  else  /* don't change stack */
    condmovestack(L,{},{});  /* (change only for debugging) */
}


void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L) {
  luaD_checkstack(L, 1);
  L->top++;
}

/* }================================================================== */


/*
** Call a hook for the given event. Make sure there is a hook to be
** called. (Both 'L->hook' and 'L->hookmask', which triggers this
** function, can be changed asynchronously by signals.)
*/
void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) {
  lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
  if (hook && L->allowhook) {  /* make sure there is a hook */
    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
    ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);
    ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top);
    lua_Debug ar;
    ar.event = event;
    ar.currentline = line;
    ar.i_ci = ci;
    luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
    ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
    lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
    L->allowhook = 0;  /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
    ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKED;
    lua_unlock(L);
    (*hook)(L, &ar);
    lua_lock(L);
    lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
    L->allowhook = 1;
    ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
    L->top = restorestack(L, top);
    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKED;
  }
}


static void callhook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
  int hook = LUA_HOOKCALL;
  ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
  if (isLua(ci->previous) &&
      GET_OPCODE(*(ci->previous->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL) {
    ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
    hook = LUA_HOOKTAILCALL;
  }
  luaD_hook(L, hook, -1);
  ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* correct 'pc' */
}


static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) {
  int i;
  int nfixargs = p->numparams;
  StkId base, fixed;
  /* move fixed parameters to final position */
  fixed = L->top - actual;  /* first fixed argument */
  base = L->top;  /* final position of first argument */
  for (i = 0; i < nfixargs && i < actual; i++) {
    setobjs2s(L, L->top++, fixed + i);
    setnilvalue(fixed + i);  /* erase original copy (for GC) */
  }
  for (; i < nfixargs; i++)
    setnilvalue(L->top++);  /* complete missing arguments */
  return base;
}


/*
** Check whether __call metafield of 'func' is a function. If so, put
** it in stack below original 'func' so that 'luaD_precall' can call
** it. Raise an error if __call metafield is not a function.
*/
static void tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, func, TM_CALL);
  StkId p;
  if (!ttisfunction(tm))
    luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call");
  /* Open a hole inside the stack at 'func' */
  for (p = L->top; p > func; p--)
    setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
  L->top++;  /* slot ensured by caller */
  setobj2s(L, func, tm);  /* tag method is the new function to be called */
}


/*
** Given 'nres' results at 'firstResult', move 'wanted' of them to 'res'.
** Handle most typical cases (zero results for commands, one result for
** expressions, multiple results for tail calls/single parameters)
** separated.
*/
static int moveresults (lua_State *L, const TValue *firstResult, StkId res,
                                      int nres, int wanted) {
  switch (wanted) {  /* handle typical cases separately */
    case 0: break;  /* nothing to move */
    case 1: {  /* one result needed */
      if (nres == 0)   /* no results? */
        firstResult = luaO_nilobject;  /* adjust with nil */
      setobjs2s(L, res, firstResult);  /* move it to proper place */
      break;
    }
    case LUA_MULTRET: {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < nres; i++)  /* move all results to correct place */
        setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstResult + i);
      L->top = res + nres;
      return 0;  /* wanted == LUA_MULTRET */
    }
    default: {
      int i;
      if (wanted <= nres) {  /* enough results? */
        for (i = 0; i < wanted; i++)  /* move wanted results to correct place */
          setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstResult + i);
      }
      else {  /* not enough results; use all of them plus nils */
        for (i = 0; i < nres; i++)  /* move all results to correct place */
          setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstResult + i);
        for (; i < wanted; i++)  /* complete wanted number of results */
          setnilvalue(res + i);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  L->top = res + wanted;  /* top points after the last result */
  return 1;
}


/*
** Finishes a function call: calls hook if necessary, removes CallInfo,
** moves current number of results to proper place; returns 0 iff call
** wanted multiple (variable number of) results.
*/
int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId firstResult, int nres) {
  StkId res;
  int wanted = ci->nresults;
  if (L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKLINE)) {
    if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) {
      ptrdiff_t fr = savestack(L, firstResult);  /* hook may change stack */
      luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1);
      firstResult = restorestack(L, fr);
    }
    L->oldpc = ci->previous->u.l.savedpc;  /* 'oldpc' for caller function */
  }
  res = ci->func;  /* res == final position of 1st result */
  L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller */
  /* move results to proper place */
  return moveresults(L, firstResult, res, nres, wanted);
}



#define next_ci(L) (L->ci = (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L)))


/* macro to check stack size, preserving 'p' */
#define checkstackp(L,n,p)  \
  luaD_checkstackaux(L, n, \
    ptrdiff_t t__ = savestack(L, p);  /* save 'p' */ \
    luaC_checkGC(L),  /* stack grow uses memory */ \
    p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */


/*
** Prepares a function call: checks the stack, creates a new CallInfo
** entry, fills in the relevant information, calls hook if needed.
** If function is a C function, does the call, too. (Otherwise, leave
** the execution ('luaV_execute') to the caller, to allow stackless
** calls.) Returns true iff function has been executed (C function).
*/
int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
  lua_CFunction f;
  CallInfo *ci;
  switch (ttype(func)) {
    case LUA_TCCL:  /* C closure */
      f = clCvalue(func)->f;
      goto Cfunc;
    case LUA_TLCF:  /* light C function */
      f = fvalue(func);
     Cfunc: {
      int n;  /* number of returns */
      checkstackp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
      ci = next_ci(L);  /* now 'enter' new function */
      ci->nresults = nresults;
      ci->func = func;
      ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
      ci->callstatus = 0;
      if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
        luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
      lua_unlock(L);
      n = (*f)(L);  /* do the actual call */
      lua_lock(L);
      api_checknelems(L, n);
      luaD_poscall(L, ci, L->top - n, n);
      return 1;
    }
    case LUA_TLCL: {  /* Lua function: prepare its call */
      StkId base;
      Proto *p = clLvalue(func)->p;
      int n = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;  /* number of real arguments */
      int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
      checkstackp(L, fsize, func);
      if (p->is_vararg)
        base = adjust_varargs(L, p, n);
      else {  /* non vararg function */
        for (; n < p->numparams; n++)
          setnilvalue(L->top++);  /* complete missing arguments */
        base = func + 1;
      }
      ci = next_ci(L);  /* now 'enter' new function */
      ci->nresults = nresults;
      ci->func = func;
      ci->u.l.base = base;
      L->top = ci->top = base + fsize;
      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
      ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
      ci->callstatus = CIST_LUA;
      if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
        callhook(L, ci);
      return 0;
    }
    default: {  /* not a function */
      checkstackp(L, 1, func);  /* ensure space for metamethod */
      tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
      return luaD_precall(L, func, nresults);  /* now it must be a function */
    }
  }
}


/*
** Check appropriate error for stack overflow ("regular" overflow or
** overflow while handling stack overflow). If 'nCalls' is larger than
** LUAI_MAXCCALLS (which means it is handling a "regular" overflow) but
** smaller than 9/8 of LUAI_MAXCCALLS, does not report an error (to
** allow overflow handling to work)
*/
static void stackerror (lua_State *L) {
  if (L->nCcalls == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
    luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
  else if (L->nCcalls >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS + (LUAI_MAXCCALLS>>3)))
    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error while handing stack error */
}


/*
** Call a function (C or Lua). The function to be called is at *func.
** The arguments are on the stack, right after the function.
** When returns, all the results are on the stack, starting at the original
** function position.
*/
void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
  if (++L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
    stackerror(L);
  if (!luaD_precall(L, func, nResults))  /* is a Lua function? */
    luaV_execute(L);  /* call it */
  L->nCcalls--;
}


/*
** Similar to 'luaD_call', but does not allow yields during the call
*/
void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
  L->nny++;
  luaD_call(L, func, nResults);
  L->nny--;
}


/*
** Completes the execution of an interrupted C function, calling its
** continuation function.
*/
static void finishCcall (lua_State *L, int status) {
  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
  int n;
  /* must have a continuation and must be able to call it */
  lua_assert(ci->u.c.k != NULL && L->nny == 0);
  /* error status can only happen in a protected call */
  lua_assert((ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL) || status == LUA_YIELD);
  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL) {  /* was inside a pcall? */
    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;  /* continuation is also inside it */
    L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfuncHTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="ldo.c"
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="ldo.c"
Content-Length: 25530
Content-Length: 25530
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:53:06 UTC
ETag: "90b695fb04c74d5f0022c8746200305021c0b98a"
ETag: "90b695fb04c74d5f0022c8746200305021c0b98a"
Expires: Fri, 28 Dec 2035 06:53:06 GMT
Expires: Fri, 28 Dec 2035 06:53:06 GMT
Last-Modified: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:53:06 GMT
Last-Modified: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:53:06 GMT
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/*
** $Id: ldo.c,v 2.157 2016/12/13 15:52:21 roberto Exp $
** Stack and Call structure of Lua
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/

#define ldo_c
#define LUA_CORE

#include "lprefix.h"


#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "lua.h"

#include "lapi.h"
#include "ldebug.h"
#include "ldo.h"
#include "lfunc.h"
#include "lgc.h"
#include "lmem.h"
#include "lobject.h"
#include "lopcodes.h"
#include "lparser.h"
#include "lstate.h"
#include "lstring.h"
#include "ltable.h"
#include "ltm.h"
#include "lundump.h"
#include "lvm.h"
#include "lzio.h"



#define errorstatus(s)	((s) > LUA_YIELD)


/*
** {======================================================
** Error-recovery functions
** =======================================================
*/

/*
** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
*/
#if !defined(LUAI_THROW)				/* { */

#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(LUA_USE_LONGJMP)	/* { */

/* C++ exceptions */
#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		throw(c)
#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
	try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
#define luai_jmpbuf		int  /* dummy variable */

#elif defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)				/* }{ */

/* in POSIX, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		_longjmp((c)->b, 1)
#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf

#else							/* }{ */

/* ISO C handling with long jumps */
#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		longjmp((c)->b, 1)
#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf

#endif							/* } */

#endif							/* } */



/* chain list of long jump buffers */
struct lua_longjmp {
  struct lua_longjmp *previous;
  luai_jmpbuf b;
  volatile int status;  /* error code */
};


static void seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
  switch (errcode) {
    case LUA_ERRMEM: {  /* memory error? */
      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
      break;
    }
    case LUA_ERRERR: {
      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
      break;
    }
    default: {
      setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1);  /* error message on current top */
      break;
    }
  }
  L->top = oldtop + 1;
}


l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
  if (L->errorJmp) {  /* thread has an error handler? */
    L->errorJmp->status = errcode;  /* set status */
    LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);  /* jump to it */
  }
  else {  /* thread has no error handler */
    global_State *g = G(L);
    L->status = cast_byte(errcode);  /* mark it as dead */
    if (g->mainthread->errorJmp) {  /* main thread has a handler? */
      setobjs2s(L, g->mainthread->top++, L->top - 1);  /* copy error obj. */
      luaD_throw(g->mainthread, errcode);  /* re-throw in main thread */
    }
    else {  /* no handler at all; abort */
      if (g->panic) {  /* panic function? */
        seterrorobj(L, errcode, L->top);  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
        if (L->ci->top < L->top)
          L->ci->top = L->top;  /* pushing msg. can break this invariant */
        lua_unlock(L);
        g->panic(L);  /* call panic function (last chance to jump out) */
      }
      abort();
    }
  }
}


int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
  unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
  struct lua_longjmp lj;
  lj.status = LUA_OK;
  lj.previous = L->errorJmp;  /* chain new error handler */
  L->errorJmp = &lj;
  LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
    (*f)(L, ud);
  );
  L->errorJmp = lj.previous;  /* restore old error handler */
  L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
  return lj.status;
}

/* }====================================================== */


/*
** {==================================================================
** Stack reallocation
** ===================================================================
*/
static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) {
  CallInfo *ci;
  UpVal *up;
  L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
  for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
    up->v = (up->v - oldstack) + L->stack;
  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
    ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
    ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack;
    if (isLua(ci))
      ci->u.l.base = (ci->u.l.base - oldstack) + L->stack;
  }
}


/* some space for error handling */
#define ERRORSTACKSIZE	(LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)


void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
  TValue *oldstack = L->stack;
  int lim = L->stacksize;
  lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
  lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK);
  luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, newsize, TValue);
  for (; lim < newsize; lim++)
    setnilvalue(L->stack + lim); /* erase new segment */
  L->stacksize = newsize;
  L->stack_last = L->stack + newsize - EXTRA_STACK;
  correctstack(L, oldstack);
}


void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
  int size = L->stacksize;
  if (size > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* error after extra size? */
    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
  else {
    int needed = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + n + EXTRA_STACK;
    int newsize = 2 * size;
    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
    if (newsize < needed) newsize = needed;
    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) {  /* stack overflow? */
      luaD_reallocstack(L, ERRORSTACKSIZE);
      luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
    }
    else
      luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize);
  }
}


static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
  CallInfo *ci;
  StkId lim = L->top;
  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
    if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
  }
  lua_assert(lim <= L->stack_last);
  return cast_int(lim - L->stack) + 1;  /* part of stack in use */
}


void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
  int inuse = stackinuse(L);
  int goodsize = inuse + (inuse / 8) + 2*EXTRA_STACK;
  if (goodsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)
    goodsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;  /* respect stack limit */
  if (L->stacksize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* had been handling stack overflow? */
    luaE_freeCI(L);  /* free all CIs (list grew because of an error) */
  else
    luaE_shrinkCI(L);  /* shrink list */
  /* if thread is currently not handling a stack overflow and its
     good size is smaller than current size, shrink its stack */
  if (inuse <= (LUAI_MAXSTACK - EXTRA_STACK) &&
      goodsize < L->stacksize)
    luaD_reallocstack(L, goodsize);
  else  /* don't change stack */
    condmovestack(L,{},{});  /* (change only for debugging) */
}


void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L) {
  luaD_checkstack(L, 1);
  L->top++;
}

/* }================================================================== */


/*
** Call a hook for the given event. Make sure there is a hook to be
** called. (Both 'L->hook' and 'L->hookmask', which triggers this
** function, can be changed asynchronously by signals.)
*/
void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) {
  lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
  if (hook && L->allowhook) {  /* make sure there is a hook */
    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
    ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);
    ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top);
    lua_Debug ar;
    ar.event = event;
    ar.currentline = line;
    ar.i_ci = ci;
    luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
    ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
    lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
    L->allowhook = 0;  /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
    ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKED;
    lua_unlock(L);
    (*hook)(L, &ar);
    lua_lock(L);
    lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
    L->allowhook = 1;
    ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
    L->top = restorestack(L, top);
    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKED;
  }
}


static void callhook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
  int hook = LUA_HOOKCALL;
  ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
  if (isLua(ci->previous) &&
      GET_OPCODE(*(ci->previous->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL) {
    ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
    hook = LUA_HOOKTAILCALL;
  }
  luaD_hook(L, hook, -1);
  ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* correct 'pc' */
}


static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) {
  int i;
  int nfixargs = p->numparams;
  StkId base, fixed;
  /* move fixed